English study

卡布奇诺

Today's topic is stock market
We are going to learn some words and definitions.

Key language

invest--put money into something to make a profit.  动词：投资

stock--shares in a company that people buy as an investment.　名词：股票

stockbroker--person or company that buys and sells stocks for other people.　名词：股票经纪人

shareholder--person or group that owns stock in a company.　　名词：股票持有人

dividend--portion of a company's profits which is paid to shareholders.　名词：股息

corporation--an organization,especially a business,that has a legally separate existence from the people who run it.　名词：法人　公司

stock exchange--a place where stocks are bought and sold 名词：证券交易所

liability--obligation,responsibility, or debt.　名词：负债



Vocabulary using

Investors want to make money.

Stockbroker use investors'money to bet on the stock market.

Shareholders try to sell their shares at a high price to make a profit.

Companies offer the public the chance to buy shares in them.

The companies invest the money back into their companies.

Companies may give their shareholders dividends or a percentage of their profits.



Reading
1:You invest in the stock market, don't you?

2:Sure, it can be a good way to make money. Although I've lost money too.

1:I'm thinking about trying it out, but I'm still not really sure how it works.

2:It's not too difficult. Basically, companies need money to invest in their companies. So they sell shares, also called stock of their company to the public. You understand so far?

1:Yeah, I think so. But how do we buy these shares?

2:When a person wants to invest their money in stocks they can hire a stockbroker. The stockbroker's job is to buy stock for investors like you who want to make money.They can help you decide what kind of stocks you want to buy and help you sell them when you want to as well.

1:All right. Now the most important question:when do I start making money?

2:Well, the most important thing to remember when playing the stock market is to try to buy your stocks for a low price and sell them at a higher one. When you sell the stocks at a higher price than you bought them for, you make a profit. That's how people make money on the stock market.

1:I remember you saying last year that you got something called dividends from your stocks. What are those?

2:When someone buys shares in a company, they become a shareholder, the owner of a small percentage of that company. Shareholders aren't usually responsible for any decisions with company and they don't have any liability if the company goes out of business. but sometimes the company will give a small amount of their profits to their shareholders. This is called a dividend, and shareholders usually get them at the end of the year. It's not normally a lot of money, though.

卡布奇诺

Exchange Rates

laguage and definition



exchange rate--how much one currency is worth compared to another.　名词：汇率

currency--money　名词：货币

foreign reserves--the foreign money which a country has in its banks　名词：外汇储备

exchange--trade one thing for another　名词、动词：交易，兑换

decrease in value--price becomes lower　升值

increase in value--price becomes higher　贬值

overvalue--give a price to something that is more than it is really worth　过高估价



Reasons for currency to get stronger: strong economy/ other countries have your currency(foreign reserves)/ change in government



Reasons for currency to get weaker: problems with government/ weak economy/ war and disaster/ national debt

卡布奇诺

Halloween English
万圣节 英语

1. The Halloween celebration comes from All Hallows Day or All Saints Day, the 1st of November. This was originally a pagan festival of the dead, but later became a holiday to honor Christian saints.
万圣节的庆典来自天下圣徒日每年11月1日,原是其它宗教的"死人之日"或"鬼日",慢慢的成为颂扬基督徒的重要庆典.

2. The name Halloween comes from a contraction of All Hallows Eve (Evening), the day before All Hallows Day. On this night it was believed that the spirits of the dead would try to come back to life!
万圣节前夜英文写作 Halloween，是 All Hallow Eve 的缩写，是指万圣节（All Hallow's Day）的前夜.在这一晚,人们相信已故的亡灵将重反世间.

3. Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween customs, especially among children. According to tradition, people would dress up in costumes (wear special clothing, masks or disguises) to frighten the spirits away.
穿上特别的衣服装扮起来是最流行的习俗之一,颇受孩子欢迎.按照传统,人们将装扮起来(穿上特殊的衣服,带上面具)去吓走亡灵.

4. Popular Halloween costumes include vampires (creatures that drink blood), ghosts (spirits of the dead) and werewolves (people that turn into wolves when the moon is full).
吸血鬼\幽灵和狼人是万圣节较流行的装扮.

5. Trick or Treating is a modern Halloween custom where children go from house to house dressed in costume, asking for treats like candy or toys. If they don't get any treats, they might play a trick (mischief or prank) on the owners of the house.
"不给糖就捣蛋"是一种现在流行的习俗,孩子们通常装扮成各种样子,去敲邻居们的门要求款待,例如:糖或玩具,如果他们没有得到任何款待,可能就会搞些恶作剧给这家人.

6. The tradition of the Jack o' Lantern comes from a folktale about a man named Jack who tricked the devil and had to wander the Earth with a lantern. The Jack o' Lantern is made by placing a candle inside a hollowed-out pumpkin, which is carved to look like a face.
杰克灯的传统来自一个民间故事, 有一个叫杰克的人曾经戏弄了魔鬼,结果他不得不提着灯笼徘徊在世间. 人们常把南瓜掏空,雕刻成人的脸.里面放上蜡烛来制作杰克灯

7. There are many other superstitions associated with Halloween. A superstition is an irrational idea, like believing that the number 13 is unlucky!
还有很多与万圣节有关的迷信. 其实很荒谬, 像 13 是倒霉的.
8. Halloween is also associated with supernatural creatures like ghosts and vampires. These creatures are not part of the natural world. They don't really exist... or do they?
万圣节同时也和一些超自然生物如幽灵和吸血鬼息息相关。这些生物不是我们所认知的世界的一部分，他们不是真实存在的......你认为是这样吗？

9. Witches are popular Halloween characters that are thought to have magical powers. They usually wear pointed hats and fly around on broomsticks.
万圣节那天被视为拥有魔法的女巫是颇受欢迎的角色，她们经常戴一顶尖帽子，骑着扫把飞来飞去。

10. Bad omens are also part of Halloween celebrations. A bad omen is something that is believed to bring bad luck, like black cats, spiders or bats.
不祥之兆也是万圣节的一部分。不祥之兆是指一些会带来坏运气的东西，例如：黑猫，蜘蛛或蝙蝠。

卡布奇诺

Today's topic is The World Around Us

Identify the different kinds of terrain.

1.desert--沙漠

2.jungle--丛林

3.forest--森林

4.urban area-城市

5.grass land--草原

6.swamp--沼泽

7.arctic--极地

8.beach--沙滩



Adjective for describing terrain.



wild--uninhabited; remote, not farmed 荒凉的

steep--rising or falling at a sharp angle 陡峭的

humid--noticeably moist; containing a high amount of water or water vapor 潮湿的

treacherous--dangerous; hazardous 危险的, 致命的

lush--plentiful; abundant 丰富的, 大量的

crowded--full of people 拥挤的

tropical--extremely hot and wet  热带的

rugged--uneven and wild; not easy to travel over 崎岖的

卡布奇诺

Reported speech　间接引语

When direct speech is reported, the tense of the main verb of the second clause usually changes to the tense directly preceding it, for example: simple present tense from the direct speech changes to simple past tense, simple past tense from the direct speech changes to past perfect.

'I love you,' said Miriam.  
Becomes: Miriam said that she loved me!

'I loved you,' said Miriam.  
Becomes: Miriam said that she had loved me!

However, when facts are reported, the verb tense does change.

He said that we should keep a positive attitude.
He claimed that there should be a balance of controlled events.
He declared that our body can fight stress when it is fit.
He proclaimed that medicine would only make stress worse.
He alleged that most of the population suffers from stress.



Julie said that road rage relates to environmental factors that make driving a highly stressful activity.

Dr Norman claimed that driving in a lot of traffic is very stressful, so even people who do not normally get angry can lose control.

Max Miller stated that some people feel enormous amounts of anger and frustration while driving.

Nutritionist, Sally Carlton declared that studies show that men and women have the same emotional reaction in traffic.

Rob asserted that fact that we won’t suffer from road rage if we don’t suffer from stress.

I proclaimed that we fail to realise that the modern way of life has created road rage.

He alleged that relaxation techniques, which are common treatments of anxiety, can help road rage.

卡布奇诺

Working Environments


A. Some companies have chosen to use open plan offices. These are offices where employees have individual desks, but there are no walls to separate workers. Open plan offices increase communication and help build team spirit.



B.Traditionally, companies have tried to increase productivity by creating calm work environments with boring colors and few interruptions. Cubicles would divide large spaces into individual offices, separating employees and encouraging work. This style of office has become less popular in recent years, as companies are now more interested in communication and employee satisfaction.



C.Other companies, believing that a relaxed work environment produces more efficient workers, have installed lounge rooms with sofas, TVs, and kitchens. Some companies even encourage employees to work in cafes.



Although lounges and cafes are noisier than an office, they allow employees to be more social.

卡布奇诺

How to describe the personality

Someone who likes to do things carefully and in detail is   -meticulous.   形容词：一丝不苟的

   
Someone who has a lot of enthusiasm and drive to succeed is- driven.   形容词：有动力的

   
Someone who is cool and calm in stressful situations is -level-headed.   形容词：冷静的

   
Someone friendly is- sociable.   形容词：好交际的

   
Someone who doesn't get angry or frustrated quickly is -patient.   形容词：有耐性的

   
Someone who can analyze things in a systematic way is- analytical.   形容词：善于分析的

   
Someone who is open to the way other people see things is -broad-minded.   形容词：心胸宽广的

   
Someone who can adapt and change in different situations is - flexible.   形容词：适应性强的

   
Someone who can create original ideas is -creative.　形容词：创造性的

卡布奇诺

Persuading and emphasizing

Persuading and emphasizing  REMEMBER!
When in a job interview, it is important to emphasize your interests and strengths in order to persuade the interviewer to hire you.



例如：

I have a great passion for showing clients fitness can be fun.
I believe I can make my clients more confident.
I have long aspired to be a fitness instructor.  

Not only... but also and not only... but... Too are used to add additional information to emphasize your point.

Not only do I have the skill to develop exciting exercise programs and teach great exercise techniques, but I also have an outgoing personality.
Not only does it give them strength, but it gives them more confidence too.

卡布奇诺

The Third Conditional


Sometimes called the 'unreal past', the third conditional is often used to express regret or to imagine the impossible: something which did NOT happen. The speaker is imagining a different past, but the past cannot be changed.



A third conditional sentence consists of: if clause [condition] and a main clause [result]. The main clause expresses the result of a condition that cannot be fulfilled or realized.  

If I had done more exercise, I would have been stronger and fitter.

If + subject + past perfect, subject +would / wouldn't + have + past participle.

Notice that the main clause can be placed before the if clause. In this case, a comma is not needed.

I wouldn't have had to go on a diet if I had eaten in a more balanced way.

Subject + would / wouldn't + have + past participle + if + subject + past perfect.

卡布奇诺

It's so hard to keep doing the work if nobody respond anything.

卡布奇诺

ok,
Today's topic is Health, I think it's really practical in our life.

Difinition of the sick.
flu--an infectious illness like a very bad cold that also causes a fever　　名词：流感
cold--a common infection, often in the nose and throat, whichsometimes to have pain in the muscles　名词：普通感冒
rash--a group of spots or a raised area on the skin resulting from illness or from touching a harmful sbstance　名词：皮疹
fever--a condition in which the body's temperature is higher than usual, especially as a sign of illness　名词：发烧
allergy--a condition that makes a person become ill or develop skin or breathing problems because they have eaten certain foods or come in contact with certain substances　名词：过敏症
sprain--a stretch or tear in the tissue that limits the movement of a joint in the body　　名词、动词：扭伤
virus--a very small organism that causes disease in humans'animals, and plants　　名词：病毒

Difinition of the symptom.
nausea--a feeling of illness in the stomach that makes you think you are going to vomit.　　名词：恶心
congested--too crowded or blocked　　形容词：堵塞的
sore--painful and uncomfortable, esp.(of a body part) because of injury.　形容词：疼痛的　　名词：溃疡
dizzy--having a feeling of spinning around and being unable to balance　　形容词：眩晕的
tender--painful when touched or pressure is applied　　形容词：触痛的
itchy--having an uncomfortable feeling on the skin that makes you want to scratch it　形容词：发痒的
infected--having disease because of organisms such as bacteria or viruses　　形容词：被感染的

How to describe the symptom use those words? I will give the example as below.
Your knee is swollen and tender to the tuouch--Fallen
You have a high fever and feel nauseous--Having flu
You have been coughing and sneezing for two days--Catching a cold
Yesterday you fell down some stairs and your ankle has been throbbing--Fallen
You have a red, itchy patch of skin on your arm--Allerge/rash
You're congested and have a bad headache--Cold/ flu
Your wrist is very sore and swollen--wrist sprained/twisted
Whenever you stand up, you feel dizzy and nauseous--High blood pressure

Some words about disease.
obesity-肥胖症
diabetes--糖尿病
cancer--癌症
lyme/tick--关节炎
cholera--霍乱
spread disease--传染病
TB--肺结核
AIDS--艾滋病
anorexia--厌食症
rheumatism--风湿症
insomnia--失眠症
heart attack--心脏病

卡布奇诺

21# 莲步青云


thanks for your motivation, I will go ahead!!

卡布奇诺

Today we are going to talk about Office, we have two parts to learn.

Topic 1  office Politics
Difinition of relative words:

naive--lacking worldly experience; overly-trusting  形容词：缺少经验但过份自信的

alliance--a group people with a common goal　名词：这里指公司内部的各种小团体　

misinformation--news that is intentionally false　名词：这里指出于某种意图或目的而发布的错误信息，含有故意误导的意思

passed over--when someone else is promoted instead of you　动词：跳过或取代

on the outs--temporarily not getting along with someone　短期的和某人不和

to be "in" with someone--to have a close relationship　与某人关系很密切

wimp--a weak or fearful person　名词：懦弱的人

bad-mouth(v)--to criticize someone　动词：严厉批评


Reading part


WHAT NOT TO DO TO GET AHEAD AT WORK?

1.Do not wound the King, unless you're going to kill him.　美国人范指老板为King.这句话的意思是：　别中伤你的老板，除非你想杀了他。wound 名词为伤口，动词为：伤害，受伤。跟据句意，这里翻译成中伤

By criticizing Obama publicly in print (and  online) General McChrystal "wounded the King." The old saying is, "if you're going to attack, kill him, or donn't go after him." Because the King, who is merely So, if you're spewing venom about the King(your boss), think carefully about the consequences. Are you going to kill the boss? Or simply injure him? What will he or she do in response?



2.Do not bad－mouth. It feels good but.....It limits your opportunities.　别恶意攻击别人，它会让你觉得很痛快。。但是会影响到你的一些机会的。

It alerts everyone to your dislike of that person and puts up big barriers-not just between you and your"enemy" but with coworkers, too. If everyone knows you don't like"Sam" they may go out of their way to smooth things over, and protect you from any activities(meetings, office parties, business trips) where you two are going to encounter each other. You may be passed over for promotions and projects just because you might have to work with that individual.

It's best to keep your "judgments" to yourself. It also gives you the freedom to change your mind about that person in the future. A very valuable option.



3.Do not sacrifice your values. Take the emergency exit.　别牺牲你的自我价值，时刻准备出路。

If you don't respect your boss because you have major difference, the best option my be to exit the company. A divided team cannot work together. Look for a team that reflects your true values.
如果你不能尊敬你的老板是因为你们绝大多时候不能达成一致，那你最好选择退出这家公司。一个分裂的团体不能很好的进行工作。去寻找一个真正能发挥你的价值的团体吧。


4.Do not be afraid to say your're sorry. 别怕说对不起。

Everyone makes mistakes. If you slip up and bad－mouth the boss, the best thing to do is to apologize. If your statement was public, then you should make your apology public as well.　如果你不小心恶意中伤了你的老板，对于每个人来说都是不幸的事情，最好的解决方法就是去道歉。如果你是对公众面前中伤了你的老板，那你最好也在公众面前道歉。



5.Do not feel sorry for yourself. Nobody likes whiners.　别总觉得自己很委屈，没人喜欢爱抱怨的人。

Zip your lips and think of the sorry fate of General McChrystal.　紧闭你的嘴，想想McChrystal将军的悲惨下场。



6.Do not accept interviews with Rolling Stone Magazine.　别接收滚石杂志的采访。

The media is not your friend. You would think that a savvy General like McChrystal would know that.

What was he thinking accepting an interview with Rolling Stone? It doesn't make sense...unless, he was just playing a high stakes game. Perhaps he thought the wimps in the White House would not fire him--and he would gain power with U.S. troops, esteem with power-brokers in Afghanistan, and the adulation of the American public. So the last tip on getting ahead is this...



7.Do not underestimate your adversary.　别低估你的对手

And always have your resume ready.　并且时刻准备好你的个人简历。







Topic 2  Stress in the workplace



What causes stress in the workplace?
在工作中都有哪些原因可导致压力产生？


Technology problems　技术问题

work environment　　工作环境

level of job security　工作保障或职业安全

workload　工作量

deadlines　截止日期

relationships with colleagues　同事关系

relationship with boss.　与老板的关系



Reading part



Stressed employees have an effect on how productive a company is. By encouraging a stress-free work environment. businesses can increase their efficiency while keeping their employees happy and healthy. Giving employees clear deadlines and descriptions of what they need to do is one way to prevent stress. However, the deadlines and workload should be reasonable, or they will cause stress as well. Also, when employees are uncertain of their job security they often feel stressed. Being unhappy with a situation at work and not being able to change it or tell anyone about the problem leads to frustration and stresses employees out.Lastly, when employees do not feel like they have opportunities to use their talents and abilities or to advance in their company, this can also lead to stress and unsatisfied workers.

卡布奇诺

the topic of this week is sort of boring but we really need to know that.
Topic: slang idiom and jargon
slang/informal: very in formal vocabulary; used by people who know each other well.
used in casual conversations or informal situations such as when playing sports, at b bar or casual restaurant, at a party, with friends and close family members, etc.

Examples:
1. Those boots are real cool.(fashionable)
2.Let's chill out.(relax)
3.Wanna come to the movies with me?(want to)
4.I'm not gonna do it!(going to)
5.I ain't going with you.(am not)
6.They are going to see a chick flick. (the moive for females)

Jargon: the language, especially the vocabulary, used by a particular trade, profession, or group.
a special language belonging exclusively to a profession such as engineers, lawyers, doctors, etc. or a particular subject such as sports, technology, business,etc.
used to exchange complex information efficiently.

Examples:
1.I'll text you later.(send you a text message)
2.His business went bust after the last recession.(bankrupt)
3.He was prosecuted for insider trading.(the illegal buying and selling of stocks by people acting on privileged information)
4.You have to boot up your computer.(restart the camputer )

卡布奇诺

I found this from internet, I don't want you use these sentences, I want you know about these.
How quarrel in english?

1. You make me sick! 你真让我恶心！
2. What’s wrong with you? 你怎么回事？
3. I’m very disappointed. 真让我失望。
4. Go to hell. 去死吧。
5. You’re a jerk! 你是个废物/混球！
6. Don’t talk to me like that! 别那样和我说话!
7. Who do you think you are? 你以为你是谁？
8. What’s your problem? 你怎么回事啊？
9. I hate you! 我讨厌你！
10. I don’t want to see your face! 我不愿再见到你！
11. You’re crazy! 你疯了!
12. Are you insane/crazy/out of your mind? 你疯了吗？
13. Don’t bother me. 别烦我。
14. Knock it off. 少来这一套。
15. Get out of my face. 从我面前消失！
16. Leave me alone. 走开。
17. Get lost.滚开！
18. Take a hike! 哪儿凉快哪儿歇着去吧。
19. You piss me off. 你气死我了。
20. It’s none of your business. 关你屁事！
21. What’s the meaning of this? 这是什么意思？
22. How dare you! 你敢！
23. Cut it out. 省省吧。
24. You stupid jerk! 你这蠢*！
25. You have a lot of nerve. 脸皮真厚。
26. I’m fed up. 我厌倦了。
27. I can’t take it anymore. 我受不了了！
28. I’ve had enough of your garbage. 我听腻了你的废话。
29. Shut up! 闭嘴！
30. What do you want? 你想怎么样？
31. Do you know what time it is? 你知道现在都几点吗？
32. What were you thinking? 你脑子进水啊？
33. How can you say that? 你怎么可以这样说？
34. Who says? 谁说的？
35. That’s what you think! 那才是你脑子里想的！
36. Don’t look at me like that. 别那样看着我。
37. What did you say? 你说什么？
38. You are out of your mind. 你脑子有毛病！
39. You make me so mad.你气死我了啦。
40. Drop dead. 去死吧！
41. Don’t give me your shoot. 别跟我胡扯。
42. Don’t give me your excuses/ No more excuses. 别找借口。
43. Nonsense! 鬼话!
44. You’re a pain in the ass. 你这讨厌鬼。
45. You’re an asshole. 你这缺德鬼。
46. You asked for it. 你自找的。
47. Get over yourself. 别自以为是。
48. You’re nothing to me. 你对我什么都不是。
49. It’s not my fault. 不是我的错。
50. You look guilty. 你看上去心虚。
51. I can’t help it. 我没办法。
52. That’s your problem. 那是你的问题。
53. I don’t want to hear it. 我不想听！
54. Get off my back. 少跟我罗嗦。
55. Give me a break. 饶了我吧。
56. Who do you think you’re talking to? 你以为你在跟谁说话？
57. Look at this mess! 看看这烂摊子！
58. You’re so careless. 你真粗心。
59. Why on earth didn’t you tell me the truth? 你到底为什么不跟我说实话？
60. I’m about to explode! 我肺都快要气炸了！
61. What a stupid idiot! 真是白痴一个！
62. I’m not going to put up with this! 我再也受不了啦！
63. I never want to see your face again! 我再也不要见到你！
64. That’s terrible. 真糟糕！
65. Just look at what you’ve done! 看看你都做了些什么！
66. I wish I had never met you. 我真后悔这辈子遇到你！
67. You’re a disgrace. 你真丢人！
68. I’ll never forgive you! 我永远都不会饶恕你！
69. Don’t nag me! 别在我面前唠叨！
70. I’m sick of it. 我都腻了。
71. Don’t you dare come back again! 你敢再回来！
72. Stop screwing/ fooling/ messing around! 别鬼混了！
73. Mind your own business! 管好你自己的事！
74. You’re just a good for nothing bum! 你真是一个废物！/ 你一无是处！
75. You’ve gone too far! 你太过分了！
76. I loathe you! 我讨厌你！
77. I detest you! 我恨你！
78. Get the hell out of here! 滚开!
79. Don’t be that way! 别那样！
80. Can’t you do anything right? 成事不足，败事有余。
81. You’re impossible. 你真不可救药。
82. Don’t touch me! 别碰我！
83. Get away from me! 离我远一点儿！
84. Get out of my life. 我不愿再见到你。/ 从我的生活中消失吧。
85. You’re a joke! 你真是一个小丑！
86. Don’t give me your attitude. 别跟我摆架子。
87. You’ll be sorry. 你会后悔的。
88. We’re through. 我们完了！
89. Look at the mess you’ve made! 你搞得一团糟！
90. You’ve ruined everything. 全都让你搞砸了。
91. I can’t believe your never. 你好大的胆子！
92. You’re away too far. 你太过分了。
93. I can’t take you any more! 我再也受不了你啦！
94. I’m telling you for the last time! 我最后再告诉你一次！
95. I could kill you! 我宰了你！
96. That’s the stupidest thing I’ve ever heard! 那是我听到的最愚蠢的事！　　(比尔·盖茨常用)
97. I can’t believe a word you say. 我才不信你呢!
98. You never tell the truth！ 你从来就不说实话！
99. Don’t push me ! 别逼我！