English study

卡布奇诺

Today's topic is stock market
We are going to learn some words and definitions.

Key language

invest--put money into something to make a profit.  动词：投资

stock--shares in a company that people buy as an investment.　名词：股票

stockbroker--person or company that buys and sells stocks for other people.　名词：股票经纪人

shareholder--person or group that owns stock in a company.　　名词：股票持有人

dividend--portion of a company's profits which is paid to shareholders.　名词：股息

corporation--an organization,especially a business,that has a legally separate existence from the people who run it.　名词：法人　公司

stock exchange--a place where stocks are bought and sold 名词：证券交易所

liability--obligation,responsibility, or debt.　名词：负债



Vocabulary using

Investors want to make money.

Stockbroker use investors'money to bet on the stock market.

Shareholders try to sell their shares at a high price to make a profit.

Companies offer the public the chance to buy shares in them.

The companies invest the money back into their companies.

Companies may give their shareholders dividends or a percentage of their profits.



Reading
1:You invest in the stock market, don't you?

2:Sure, it can be a good way to make money. Although I've lost money too.

1:I'm thinking about trying it out, but I'm still not really sure how it works.

2:It's not too difficult. Basically, companies need money to invest in their companies. So they sell shares, also called stock of their company to the public. You understand so far?

1:Yeah, I think so. But how do we buy these shares?

2:When a person wants to invest their money in stocks they can hire a stockbroker. The stockbroker's job is to buy stock for investors like you who want to make money.They can help you decide what kind of stocks you want to buy and help you sell them when you want to as well.

1:All right. Now the most important question:when do I start making money?

2:Well, the most important thing to remember when playing the stock market is to try to buy your stocks for a low price and sell them at a higher one. When you sell the stocks at a higher price than you bought them for, you make a profit. That's how people make money on the stock market.

1:I remember you saying last year that you got something called dividends from your stocks. What are those?

2:When someone buys shares in a company, they become a shareholder, the owner of a small percentage of that company. Shareholders aren't usually responsible for any decisions with company and they don't have any liability if the company goes out of business. but sometimes the company will give a small amount of their profits to their shareholders. This is called a dividend, and shareholders usually get them at the end of the year. It's not normally a lot of money, though.

玉儿

Good！

月宫玉兔

pretty useful

卡布奇诺

Exchange Rates

laguage and definition



exchange rate--how much one currency is worth compared to another.　名词：汇率

currency--money　名词：货币

foreign reserves--the foreign money which a country has in its banks　名词：外汇储备

exchange--trade one thing for another　名词、动词：交易，兑换

decrease in value--price becomes lower　升值

increase in value--price becomes higher　贬值

overvalue--give a price to something that is more than it is really worth　过高估价



Reasons for currency to get stronger: strong economy/ other countries have your currency(foreign reserves)/ change in government



Reasons for currency to get weaker: problems with government/ weak economy/ war and disaster/ national debt

卡布奇诺

Halloween English
万圣节 英语

1. The Halloween celebration comes from All Hallows Day or All Saints Day, the 1st of November. This was originally a pagan festival of the dead, but later became a holiday to honor Christian saints.
万圣节的庆典来自天下圣徒日每年11月1日,原是其它宗教的"死人之日"或"鬼日",慢慢的成为颂扬基督徒的重要庆典.

2. The name Halloween comes from a contraction of All Hallows Eve (Evening), the day before All Hallows Day. On this night it was believed that the spirits of the dead would try to come back to life!
万圣节前夜英文写作 Halloween，是 All Hallow Eve 的缩写，是指万圣节（All Hallow's Day）的前夜.在这一晚,人们相信已故的亡灵将重反世间.

3. Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween customs, especially among children. According to tradition, people would dress up in costumes (wear special clothing, masks or disguises) to frighten the spirits away.
穿上特别的衣服装扮起来是最流行的习俗之一,颇受孩子欢迎.按照传统,人们将装扮起来(穿上特殊的衣服,带上面具)去吓走亡灵.

4. Popular Halloween costumes include vampires (creatures that drink blood), ghosts (spirits of the dead) and werewolves (people that turn into wolves when the moon is full).
吸血鬼\幽灵和狼人是万圣节较流行的装扮.

5. Trick or Treating is a modern Halloween custom where children go from house to house dressed in costume, asking for treats like candy or toys. If they don't get any treats, they might play a trick (mischief or prank) on the owners of the house.
"不给糖就捣蛋"是一种现在流行的习俗,孩子们通常装扮成各种样子,去敲邻居们的门要求款待,例如:糖或玩具,如果他们没有得到任何款待,可能就会搞些恶作剧给这家人.

6. The tradition of the Jack o' Lantern comes from a folktale about a man named Jack who tricked the devil and had to wander the Earth with a lantern. The Jack o' Lantern is made by placing a candle inside a hollowed-out pumpkin, which is carved to look like a face.
杰克灯的传统来自一个民间故事, 有一个叫杰克的人曾经戏弄了魔鬼,结果他不得不提着灯笼徘徊在世间. 人们常把南瓜掏空,雕刻成人的脸.里面放上蜡烛来制作杰克灯

7. There are many other superstitions associated with Halloween. A superstition is an irrational idea, like believing that the number 13 is unlucky!
还有很多与万圣节有关的迷信. 其实很荒谬, 像 13 是倒霉的.
8. Halloween is also associated with supernatural creatures like ghosts and vampires. These creatures are not part of the natural world. They don't really exist... or do they?
万圣节同时也和一些超自然生物如幽灵和吸血鬼息息相关。这些生物不是我们所认知的世界的一部分，他们不是真实存在的......你认为是这样吗？

9. Witches are popular Halloween characters that are thought to have magical powers. They usually wear pointed hats and fly around on broomsticks.
万圣节那天被视为拥有魔法的女巫是颇受欢迎的角色，她们经常戴一顶尖帽子，骑着扫把飞来飞去。

10. Bad omens are also part of Halloween celebrations. A bad omen is something that is believed to bring bad luck, like black cats, spiders or bats.
不祥之兆也是万圣节的一部分。不祥之兆是指一些会带来坏运气的东西，例如：黑猫，蜘蛛或蝙蝠。

喜欢琥珀

2nd   November:

历史今天：多纳斯教皇 Pope Donus
676 - Donus became Pope.
676年的今天，多纳斯成为教皇。

历史今天：新西兰采纳标准时间 NZ adopts a standard time
1868 - Time zone: New Zealand officially adopts a standard time to be observed nationally.
1868年的今天，零时区：新西兰正式在全国采纳标准时间。

历史今天：美国第三十九和四十州 39th and 40th U.S. states
1889 - North and South Dakota are admitted as the 39th and 40th U.S. states.
1889年的今天，北达科他、南达科他分别被承认为美国的第三十九和第四十个州。

历史今天：俄向奥斯曼宣战 Russia declares war on the Ottoman
1914 - Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1914年的今天，俄国向奥斯曼帝国宣战。

历史今天：加拿大广播公司成立 Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
1936 - The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is established.
1936年的今天，加拿大广播公司成立。

卡布奇诺

Today's topic is The World Around Us

Identify the different kinds of terrain.

1.desert--沙漠

2.jungle--丛林

3.forest--森林

4.urban area-城市

5.grass land--草原

6.swamp--沼泽

7.arctic--极地

8.beach--沙滩



Adjective for describing terrain.



wild--uninhabited; remote, not farmed 荒凉的

steep--rising or falling at a sharp angle 陡峭的

humid--noticeably moist; containing a high amount of water or water vapor 潮湿的

treacherous--dangerous; hazardous 危险的, 致命的

lush--plentiful; abundant 丰富的, 大量的

crowded--full of people 拥挤的

tropical--extremely hot and wet  热带的

rugged--uneven and wild; not easy to travel over 崎岖的

卡布奇诺

Reported speech　间接引语

When direct speech is reported, the tense of the main verb of the second clause usually changes to the tense directly preceding it, for example: simple present tense from the direct speech changes to simple past tense, simple past tense from the direct speech changes to past perfect.

'I love you,' said Miriam.  
Becomes: Miriam said that she loved me!

'I loved you,' said Miriam.  
Becomes: Miriam said that she had loved me!

However, when facts are reported, the verb tense does change.

He said that we should keep a positive attitude.
He claimed that there should be a balance of controlled events.
He declared that our body can fight stress when it is fit.
He proclaimed that medicine would only make stress worse.
He alleged that most of the population suffers from stress.



Julie said that road rage relates to environmental factors that make driving a highly stressful activity.

Dr Norman claimed that driving in a lot of traffic is very stressful, so even people who do not normally get angry can lose control.

Max Miller stated that some people feel enormous amounts of anger and frustration while driving.

Nutritionist, Sally Carlton declared that studies show that men and women have the same emotional reaction in traffic.

Rob asserted that fact that we won’t suffer from road rage if we don’t suffer from stress.

I proclaimed that we fail to realise that the modern way of life has created road rage.

He alleged that relaxation techniques, which are common treatments of anxiety, can help road rage.

卡布奇诺

Working Environments


A. Some companies have chosen to use open plan offices. These are offices where employees have individual desks, but there are no walls to separate workers. Open plan offices increase communication and help build team spirit.



B.Traditionally, companies have tried to increase productivity by creating calm work environments with boring colors and few interruptions. Cubicles would divide large spaces into individual offices, separating employees and encouraging work. This style of office has become less popular in recent years, as companies are now more interested in communication and employee satisfaction.



C.Other companies, believing that a relaxed work environment produces more efficient workers, have installed lounge rooms with sofas, TVs, and kitchens. Some companies even encourage employees to work in cafes.



Although lounges and cafes are noisier than an office, they allow employees to be more social.

卡布奇诺

How to describe the personality

Someone who likes to do things carefully and in detail is   -meticulous.   形容词：一丝不苟的

   
Someone who has a lot of enthusiasm and drive to succeed is- driven.   形容词：有动力的

   
Someone who is cool and calm in stressful situations is -level-headed.   形容词：冷静的

   
Someone friendly is- sociable.   形容词：好交际的

   
Someone who doesn't get angry or frustrated quickly is -patient.   形容词：有耐性的

   
Someone who can analyze things in a systematic way is- analytical.   形容词：善于分析的

   
Someone who is open to the way other people see things is -broad-minded.   形容词：心胸宽广的

   
Someone who can adapt and change in different situations is - flexible.   形容词：适应性强的

   
Someone who can create original ideas is -creative.　形容词：创造性的

卡布奇诺

Persuading and emphasizing

Persuading and emphasizing  REMEMBER!
When in a job interview, it is important to emphasize your interests and strengths in order to persuade the interviewer to hire you.



例如：

I have a great passion for showing clients fitness can be fun.
I believe I can make my clients more confident.
I have long aspired to be a fitness instructor.  

Not only... but also and not only... but... Too are used to add additional information to emphasize your point.

Not only do I have the skill to develop exciting exercise programs and teach great exercise techniques, but I also have an outgoing personality.
Not only does it give them strength, but it gives them more confidence too.

散仙儿

非常感谢！

另外，能否整几个“自助游”时能用上的topic.